recognition

Manager Trapdoors: Four Themes to Correct

Woman with laptop meeting with a team member

Individual contributors are a vital part of the organizations for which we work. These individuals are set on a path to achieve. In their success, they are seen as a rising star and are candidates for promotion. Even if the rising star doesn’t know it, their promotion may come with it new, or additional, management responsibilities. But does a high-achiever mean they too are compassionate, respectful, and hold other human leadership attributes? Maybe. But more often than not, no.

This is not to diminish the high-achiever! We need them! And companies should want to reward achievement. The irony? The reward of management responsibility is mismatched with the achievement role, and often sets people up for failure. Pointedly, rewarding high achievers with the responsibility of leading a team is archaic and rooted in traditional work structures dating back to the industrial revolution. (Need an alternative? Let’s discuss.)

If these high-achievers aim to be an exceptional manager and leader, too, then there is great potential. Determining the intent of the individual (e.g., is a life goal to help coach and manage others?) will help direct decision makers in next steps. 

Next steps should consist of coaching for these employees. If they are high performers, help them maintain that level of excellence with the new endeavor of management. When education and coaching does not occur for a new manager, there are four primary themes that result. More simply, these are the traps new managers can fall into without an ample dose of awareness.

Listening
Individual contributors, especially those whom excel, are used to being heard, not hearing. But take note: hearing is different from listening. Listening is an active, engaged, and thoughtful practice. Done well, and listening can tap into core feelings, motivations, and strengthen relationships between team members.

Micromanaging
There’s a reason the high-achiever was promoted. They achieved. They surpassed expectations. They also had a significant amount of influence over their success. One of the biggest challenges for new managers is to control less, and empower more. I’ve seen it time and time again; new managers are concerned about their team’s performance but rather than supporting their team with the tools to achieve on their own, the manager tightens their grip. The belief is only they are capable enough to complete the task well. This attitude is one of the fastest ways to alienate a team.   

Egomania
I call these the “God’s gift to mankind” type. New ideas are seldom heard and team members fear retaliation if they disagree with their boss. As a new manager, the goal should be eagerness to learn and serve.

Feedback
Feedback shouldn’t be left for when there’s a problem. Without training, new managers may find critical feedback is only acceptable during a review. This couldn’t be further from the truth! Consistency and communication are the two attributes leaders and managers must always come back to. Does your employee know how they are doing? Are they given feedback on their performance? Are they recognized for a job well done?  

These themes are rampant – I see each issue in every single client’s place of work. Without addressing them, the crisis of depleting employee engagement then ensues. And, the decrease in employee engagement is a tell-tale sign of a pending departure.

In coming weeks I’ll address tips for acknowledging team members, and the importance in doing so.

Motivation Hygiene Theory & Steps to Job Enrichment

Last week I shared how to motivate your teams, and promised we'd revisit the subject. The second half to this topic is to understand just what causes job dissatisfaction and how job enrichment can contribute to the motivation you seek. The Motivation Hygiene Theory suggests that factors involved in producing motivation and job satisfaction are completely separate from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. Let me explain.

Motivational factors, as discussed last week, are intrinsic to the job and include achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement. Spoiler: these are highly correlated to job enrichment! Conversely, the dissatisfaction factors that are extrinsic to the job include company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, and security. 

A team standing

We often think if something isn't satisfactory, it's dissatisfactory. This theory, however, offers a distinct separation between the two, noting the factors that cause job satisfaction, and completely different factors that cause job dissatisfaction. The latter are known as "hygiene factors."

I thought to myself, what is the benefit of knowing the nuances between intrinsic motivation and external hygiene factors? I think it's not only for the edification of the manager - there are many factors which can be altered - but understanding these areas can help managers know where to dedicate their time and which battles are worth picking. Here's a list of job dissatisfaction contributors that managers should seek to remedy (reference step 1). 

At a glance, company policy and administration caused the most dissatisfaction in the hygiene factor scale (followed by supervision, AKA not getting along with supervisors), while extreme satisfaction came from achievement, and close behind that, recognition. Alleviating job dissatisfaction does not equate to motivation! Hence the need for job enrichment. 

The motivation-hygiene theory suggests that work be enriched to bring about effective utilization of personnel. The next key word that we need to take note of is job enrichment: job enrichment provides the opportunity for the employee's psychological growth. [Note: job enrichment is not to be confused with job enlargement. The latter actually defines making the job structurally bigger, and can decrease motivational factors.] 

If you're facing motivational issues on your team, think about ways a job can be enriched; approach the topic with the underlying belief the jobs can be changed (the only other resolve is sustained unhappiness and underperformance); review your ideas to ensure there aren't any hygiene suggestions -- influencing motivation is more sustainable; eliminate any horizontal loading suggestions. [An example of horizontal loading is something like "challenge the employee to double their output each day." This doesn't motivate, this hinders.] Use this list to guide your plan for influencing motivation. 

Here is a synopsis of Herzberg's principles of "vertical job loading" which contribute to job enrichment, and consequently motivation, from his primary research:

  • Give a person a complete unit of work -- associated motivational factors are responsibility, achievement, and recognition
  • Grant additional authority, providing job freedom -- associated motivational factors are responsibility, achievement, and recognition
  • Increase accountability of individuals for own work -- associated motivational factors are responsibility and accountability
  • Introduce new and more difficult tasks not previously handled -- associated motivational factors are growth and learning 
  • Assign individuals specific or specialized tasks, enabling them to become experts -- associated motivational factors are responsibility, growth, and advancement 

We don't want to confuse hygiene factors with what actually causes motivation (the list you just read) since the very nature of motivators, as opposed to hygiene factors, is they have a longer-term effect on employees' attitudes. 

If you sense your team is suffering from motivational deficits, get brainstorming!